In the abstracts’ results, evidence of spin was most often due to authors’ emphasizing a statistically significant subgroup analysis (n=9). Industry-funded trials were more likely to have evidence of spin in the abstract (unadjusted odds ratio 3.4 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 11.9). Spin was found in 50 of 114 abstracts (44.3%). Of 772 abstracts screened, 114 randomized controlled trials reported statistically nonsignificant primary endpoints. We considered evidence of spin if trial authors focused on statistically significant results, interpreted statistically nonsignificant results as equivalent or noninferior, used favorable rhetoric in the interpretation of nonsignificant results, or claimed benefit of an intervention despite statistically nonsignificant results. Investigators screened records for inclusion and extracted data for spin. This study investigated spin in abstracts of emergency medicine randomized controlled trials from emergency medicine literature, with studies from 2013 to 2017 from the top 5 emergency medicine journals and general medical journals. We aim to investigate spin in emergency medicine abstracts, using a sample of randomized controlled trials from high-impact-factor journals with statistically nonsignificant primary endpoints. Meaning matters in the enactment and critical assessment of public relations’ role in societal agency. We suggest and conceptualize in a model that societal memory occurs as a dialectic some etched version of history (i.e., thesis) comes under question (i.e., antithesis), and through either a process of blurring, erasure, or retention, that etched history is then muddied, expunged, or lives on (i.e., synthesis). After examining memory, including blurring, we use the JanuUnited States presidential election (Congressional Certification) Capitol “protest event” to demonstrate how blurring occurs and its potential adverse implications. To better understand this process, scholarship needs to examine strategic public relations efforts to “blur” societal memory as a means of creating alternative versions (revisionist history) of lived truth, values, norms, and policies. Scholars have explored the role public relations plays in societal memory by examining, for instance, the textuality of art as well as memorials and statues, their erection and erasure. Public relations’ centrality to societal memory remains an underappreciated and underexplored research area. Two, the content of their prevailing memories shapes the choices individuals make separately and collectively. One, societal memory is a useful concept for understanding the strategic processes of meaning and meaning making, narratives which constitute society. Includes the following tools: chain tool, integrated bottom bracket wrench adapter, double bit Philips/Flat head screwdriver, six-piece hex wrench set (2/2.5/3/4/5/6mm), chainring bolt wrench/crankarm dust cover tool, Flat head screwdriver, 8mm hex wrench with ½" driver, two-piece tire lever set, 15mm pedal wrench with 14/15mm socket wrench, sprocket removal tool, integrated bottom bracket wrench, cassette lockring tool, two-piece cone wrench set (2 x 13/14/15/16mm), 3-sided spoke wrench, crank extractor, cartridge bottom bracket tool, T-25 torx wrench, patch kit, and cable cutter.The public relations practice participates in making, shaping, telling, and interpreting societal memory to influence issue positions and related actions.Tools are updated for recent advances in Road and MTB components and includes a integrated bottom bracket tool.Custom-molded case fits all your tools securely for easy transport.This entry-level kit is perfect for most maintenance and repair challenges. Updated for recent advances in Road and MTB components, the Spin Doctor Essential Tool Kit comes with 24 commonly used tools inside a custom-molded case. This is comparable to Pedros and Park but alot less expensive. I have never had a single issue with this kit at all. This has just about everything you need to work on most mountain and road bikes. This is a lightly used tool kit that I am only selling since I bought their pro tool kit.
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